A. Temperature Conversion
Temperature is a measure of the degree of heat or cold an object or environment contains. The most commonly used scales include Celsius (°C), which is part of the metric system, and Kelvin (K), often used in scientific contexts. Other scales include Fahrenheit (°F), common in the United States, and less familiar ones such as Réaumur (°Ré), Rankine (°Ra), Rømer (°Rø), and Newton (°N). Each scale has unique conversion formulas, making it essential for various scientific, culinary, and practical applications.
B. How to Use Temperature Converter
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Use this temperature converter to convert between different units of temperature.
C. Celcius (°C) Temperature Conversion Formulas
Celsius (°C), also known as centigrade, is a unit of temperature measurement used in most countries around the world. It is based on the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point at 100°C, under standard atmospheric pressure. The Celsius scale is widely used in science, weather forecasting, and everyday life. It was developed by Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius in the 18th century.
Below are the formulas for converting Celsius to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F) | a°C × 9/5 + 32 = b°F |
| Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K) | a°C + 273.15 = bK |
| Celsius (°C) to Réaumur (°Ré) | a°C × 4/5 = b°Ré |
| Celsius (°C) to Rankine (°Ra) | a°C × 9/5 + 491.67 = b°Ra |
| Celsius (°C) to Rømer (°Rø) | a°C × 21/40 + 7.5 = b°Rø |
| Celsius (°C) to Newton (°N) | a°C × 33/100 = b°N |
D. Fahrenheit (°F) Temperature Conversion Formulas
The Fahrenheit (°F) scale is based on the freezing point of water at 32°F and the boiling point at 212°F, under standard atmospheric pressure. It was developed by German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in the early 18th century.
Below are the formulas for converting Fahrenheit to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C) | (a°F - 32) × 5/9 = b°C |
| Fahrenheit (°F) to Kelvin (K) | (a°F - 32) × 5/9 + 273.15 = bK |
| Fahrenheit (°F) to Réaumur (°Ré) | (a°F - 32) × 4/9 = b°Ré |
| Fahrenheit (°F) to Rankine (°Ra) | a°F + 459.67 = b°Ra |
| Fahrenheit (°F) to Rømer (°Rø) | (a°F - 32) × 7/24 + 7.5 = b°Rø |
| Fahrenheit (°F) to Newton (°N) | (a°F - 32) × 11/60 = b°N |
E. Kelvin (K) Temperature Conversion Formulas
Kelvin (K) is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI). Unlike Celsius and Fahrenheit, the Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero, which is the point where molecular motion ceases. The freezing point of water is 273.15 K, and the boiling point is 373.15 K, under standard atmospheric pressure. The Kelvin scale is widely used in scientific contexts, especially in physics and chemistry.
Below are the formulas for converting Kelvin to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Kelvin (K) to Celsius (°C) | (aK - 273.15) = b°C |
| Kelvin (K) to Fahrenheit (°F) | (aK - 273.15) × 9/5 + 32 = b°F |
| Kelvin (K) to Réaumur (°Ré) | (aK - 273.15) × 4/5 = b°Ré |
| Kelvin (K) to Rankine (°Ra) | (aK - 273.15) × 9/5 + 491.67 = b°Ra |
| Kelvin (K) to Rømer (°Rø) | (aK - 273.15) × 21/40 + 7.5 = b°Rø |
| Kelvin (K) to Newton (°N) | (aK - 273.15) × 33/100 = b°N |
F. Réaumur (°Ré) Temperature Conversion Formulas
Réaumur (°Ré) is a temperature scale based on the freezing point of water at 0° Réaumur and the boiling point at 80° Réaumur, under standard atmospheric pressure. It was introduced by René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur in the 18th century, but it is now largely obsolete. However, it was used in some European countries for scientific and industrial purposes.
Below are the formulas for converting Réaumur to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Réaumur (°Ré) to Celsius (°C) | a°Ré × 5/4 = b°C |
| Réaumur (°Ré) to Fahrenheit (°F) | a°Ré × 9/4 + 32 = b°F |
| Réaumur (°Ré) to Kelvin (K) | a°Ré × 5/4 + 273.15 = bK |
| Réaumur (°Ré) to Rankine (°Ra) | a°Ré × 9/4 + 491.67 = b°Ra |
| Réaumur (°Ré) to Rømer (°Rø) | a°Ré × 21/32 + 7.5 = b°Rø |
| Réaumur (°Ré) to Newton (°N) | a°Ré × 0.4125 = b°N |
G. Rankine (°Ra) Temperature Conversion Formulas
Rankine (°Ra) is an absolute temperature scale that uses Fahrenheit degrees for its increments, and its zero point is absolute zero. It is commonly used in thermodynamics, especially in the United States. The Rankine scale is based on the same increments as Fahrenheit, but its starting point is absolute zero, unlike Fahrenheit, which uses the freezing point of water as its zero.
Below are the formulas for converting Rankine to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Rankine (°Ra) to Celsius (°C) | (a°Ra - 491.67) × 5/9 = b°C |
| Rankine (°Ra) to Fahrenheit (°F) | (a°Ra - 491.67) + 32 = b°F |
| Rankine (°Ra) to Kelvin (K) | (a°Ra - 491.67) × 5/9 + 273.15 = bK |
| Rankine (°Ra) to Réaumur (°Ré) | (a°Ra - 491.67) × 4/9 = b°Ré |
| Rankine (°Ra) to Rømer (°Rø) | (a°Ra - 491.67) × 7/24 + 7.5 = b°Rø |
| Rankine (°Ra) to Newton (°N) | (a°Ra - 491.67) × 11/60 = b°N |
H. Rømer (°Rø) Temperature Conversion Formulas
The Rømer (°Rø) scale is an older temperature scale where the freezing point of water is set at 7.5°Rø and the boiling point at 60°Rø. It was proposed by Danish astronomer Ole Rømer in the 18th century. Although it's no longer commonly used today, it offers a historical perspective on temperature measurement.
Below are the formulas for converting Rømer to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Rømer (°Rø) to Celsius (°C) | (a°Rø - 7.5) × 40/21 = b°C |
| Rømer (°Rø) to Fahrenheit (°F) | (a°Rø - 7.5) × 24/7 + 32 = b°F |
| Rømer (°Rø) to Kelvin (K) | (a°Rø - 7.5) × 40/21 + 273.15 = bK |
| Rømer (°Rø) to Réaumur (°Ré) | (a°Rø - 7.5) × 32/21 = b°Ré |
| Rømer (°Rø) to Rankine (°Ra) | (a°Rø - 7.5) × 24/7 + 491.67 = b°Ra |
| Rømer (°Rø) to Newton (°N) | (a°Rø - 7.5) × 22/35 = b°N |
I. Newton (°N) Temperature Conversion Formulas
The Newton (°N) scale is a temperature scale developed by Sir Isaac Newton. On this scale, the freezing point of water is 0°N, and the boiling point of water is approximately 33°N. The scale has smaller increments than the Celsius scale, and it is less commonly used today, mainly serving historical interest.
Below are the formulas for converting Newton to other temperature units:
| Conversion | Formula |
|---|---|
| Newton (°N) to Celsius (°C) | a°N × 3.03030303 = b°C |
| Newton (°N) to Fahrenheit (°F) | a°N × 60/11 + 32 = b°F |
| Newton (°N) to Kelvin (K) | a°N × 100/33 + 273.15 = bK |
| Newton (°N) to Réaumur (°Ré) | a°N × 2.42424242 = b°Ré |
| Newton (°N) to Rankine (°Ra) | a°N × 60/11 + 491.67 = b°Ra |
| Newton (°N) to Rømer (°Rø) | a°N × 35/22 + 7.5 = b°Rø |
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